The latest data from the National Vital Statistics System revealed that in 2017 more than 28,000 deaths were a result of synthetic opioids (other than methadone) and according to the reports fentanyl was the main driver for these overdose deaths, largely derived from non-pharmaceutical sources ( 6- 10). In 2011 oxycodone was the major opioid leading to overdose deaths following the development of tamper resistant formulations of extended release oxycodone heroin became the primary culprit between 2012–2015. It is only recently that we have learned about the unique fatal nature of fentanyl which presently dominates the opioid crisis ( 1, 5). A REMS program of education and monitoring was developed for rapid-acting fentanyl commercial products in light of reports of rising fentanyl use outside of licensing guidelines and indications. Parenteral fentanyl went off patent in 1981 and sales thereafter skyrocketed 10-fold over the next 10 years ( 4). In 1990 transdermal fentanyl became available for opioid tolerant individuals and in the 1990’s and beginning in 1998 a series of rapid-acting transmucosal fentanyl products became commercially available for breakthrough pain ( 1- 3). In 1960 Janssen developed parenteral fentanyl which received FDA approval in 1968. Keywords: Fentanyl utility respiratory depression wooden chest syndrome substance abuse
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |